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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing?
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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing (1998)(Marshall Media)[Mac-PC].iso
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00147_Field_frep14.txt
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1996-12-30
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51 lines
The most dramatic
demonstration of orientation
columns comes from the use of
voltage-sensitive dyes,
developed over many years by
Larry Cohen at Yale and applied
to the cerebral cortex by Gary
Blasdel at the University of
Pittsburgh. In this technique, a
voltage-sensitive dye that
stains cell membranes is poured
onto the cortex of an
anesthetized animal and is
taken up by the nerve cells.
When an animal is stimulated,
any responding cells show
slight changes in color, and if
enough cells are affected in a
region close enough to the
surface, we can record these
changes with modern TV
imaging techniques and
computer-aided noise
filtration. Blasdel stimulated
with stripes in some particular
orientation, made a photograph
of the pattern of activity in a
region of cortical surface a few
centimeters in area, and
repeated the procedure for
many orientations. He then
assigned a color to each
orientation--red for vertical,
orange for one o'clock, and so
on--and superimposed the
pictures. Because an iso-
orientation line should be
progressively displaced
sideways as orientation
changes, the result in any one
small region should be a
rainbowlike pattern. This is
exactly what Blasdell found. It
is too early, and the number of
examples are still too few, to
allow an interpretation of the
patterns in terms of fractures
and reversals, but the method is
promising.